Annotated Biography 2

Volansky, R. (2009, April). Lessons in surveillance: a four-state outbreak of E. coli infections from fast food hamburgers. Infectious Disease News, 22(4), 7. Retrieved August 11, 2009, from ProQuest Health and Medical Complete. (Document ID: 1682928421). <http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=9&did=1682928421&SrchMode=2&sid=1&Fmt=3&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1249656393&clientId=4130#indexing.> Repercussions of 1992-1993 outbreak in the western United States still reverberate today. A combination of prompt reporting and the use of pulsed field gel electrophoresis aided public health officials in stemming the tide of an Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak in the western United States in 1992-1993. Experts believe that the subsequent recall of approximately 250,000 hamburger patties may have saved as many as 800 people from illness. The outbreak infected 732 people, most of whom were children; 25% of those infected were hospitalized. More than 7% of those infected developed hemolytic uremic syndrome, and four children died. Good source of information on prevalence of E.coli O157:H7.

Sullivan, C., Sayre, S., Leon, J., Machekano, R., Love, T., Porter, D., Marbury, M., & Sehgal, A. (2009). Effect of Food Additives on Hyperphosphatemia Among Patients With End-stage Renal Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA, 301(6), 629. Retrieved August 11, 2009, from Health Module. (Document ID: 1650444221). < http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=21&did=1650444221&SrchMode=2&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1249656393&clientId=4130.>

High dietary phosphorus intake has deleterious consequences for renal patients and is possibly harmful for the general public as well. To prevent hyperphosphatemia, patients with end-stage renal disease limit their intake of foods that are naturally high in phosphorus. However, phosphorus-containing additives are increasingly being added to processed and fast foods. The effect of such additives on serum phosphorus levels is studied. Here, Sullivan determines the effect of limiting the intake of phosphorus-containing food additives on serum phosphorus levels among patients with end-stage renal disease. Results show that educating end-stage renal disease patients to avoid phosphorus-containing food additives resulted in modest improvements in hyperphosphatemia. Good source of information on the medical implications of food additives.

Lynch, Michael, Painter John, Woodruff Rachel, and Braden Christopher. “Surveillance for Foodborne Disease Outbreaks --- United States, 1998 – 2002.” Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved August 11, 2009. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5510a1.htm.
The Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System reviews data on FBDOs, defined as the occurrence of two or more cases of a similar illness resulting from the ingestion of a common food. State and local public health departments have primary responsibility for identifying and investigating FBDOs. Good source of information on foodborne disease and surveillance

Center for Disease Control and Prevention. “Multistate Outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 Infections Associated with Beef from JBS Swift Beef Company” July 1, 2009. Retrieved August 11, 2009, WEB. <http://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/2009/0701.html.> Several state health departments, CDC, and the United States Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS) are investigating a multi-state outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections. On June 24, FSIS issued a notice about a recall of 41,280 pounds of beef products from JBS Swift Beef Company that may be contaminated with E. coli O157:H7. On June 28, the recall was expanded to include 380,000 pounds of assorted pieces of beef (beef primal products) from the same company. Good source on recent E. coli O157:H7 infestation and beef recall.

---. “Update on Multi-State Outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 Infections From Fresh Spinach” October 2006. Retrieved August 11, 2009, WEB. <http://www.cdc.gov/foodborne/ecolispinach/100606.htm.>As of 1 PM (ET) October 6, 2006, Friday, 199 persons infected with the outbreak strain of E. coli O157:H7 have been reported to CDC from 26 states. Good information on prevalence of this pathogen beyond meat/beef.

Gentry, C.. (2008, June). To Ubiquity and Beyond. Chain Store Age, 84(6), 92-93. Retrieved August 11, 2009, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 1497892381). <http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=57&did=1497892381&SrchMode=1&sid=4&Fmt=3&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1249589470&clientId=4130.>
Facilitation of the speedy service with regards to payment, has seen a definite increase in importation of smart microprocessors that enable tap-and-go payments. Another economic detriment. Good source on the impact of fast fod on the economy.

Ahearn Mary, and Newton Doris. “Beginning Farmers and Ranchers.” May 2009. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved August 11, 2009, WEB. <http://www.ers.usda.gov/AmberWaves/June09/DataFeature/.>

Farming commonly requires control over a significant amount of land and capital that may be difficult for would-be farmers and ranchers to obtain. One way that beginning farmers acquire assets is through inheritance. Since farmers, like the general population, are living longer, the delay in passing farms to their heirs may be a factor in the declining number of young farmers. Without an inheritance, farming may have to be postponed until sufficient resources have been accumulated to acquire necessary farm assets—a process that can take years. Beginning farmers are less likely to operate rented land than are established farmers, and just as likely to own all of the land they operate. Beginning farmers, however, generally have less acreage and are more likely to carry debt on their land. Good source of information